Indigenous and rural populations living along the Nanay and Pintuyacu rivers in Peru’s northern Amazon are facing a serious health and environmental crisis caused by mercury pollution from illegal gold mining. Recent research shows that nearly 80% of residents have mercury levels above the safe limits set by the World Health Organization, with young children exposed to nearly six times the safe amount. This toxic exposure is causing a range of health problems, including developmental delays in children, chronic pain, and skin diseases. Mercury contamination is widespread in the rivers, poisoning the water and fish that local communities depend on for food and drinking water.
Despite a regional agreement from 2012 aimed at stopping illegal mining, the government’s response has been insufficient. Armed criminal groups continue mining operations unchecked, while local authorities lack the resources and power to effectively enforce environmental laws. The affected communities have now taken their concerns to the Andean Community, seeking recognition of their rights, stronger protections for their lands, and real government action. This case is gaining attention as it could become a landmark for holding governments accountable for environmental damage and protecting vulnerable populations from ongoing harm. More