In the face of economic instability, Pakistan has emerged as a rising force in global solar adoption, pulling off one of the fastest energy transitions in the developing world. In 2024 alone, the country imported 22 gigawatts of solar panels—over one-third of its total power capacity. Driven by soaring electricity prices (up 155% in just three years), widespread blackouts, and a flood of affordable Chinese solar technology, Pakistanis across the middle and upper classes turned to rooftop solar not just as an alternative, but as a necessity. The result? Solar now accounts for more than 14% of the national power mix, a sharp rise from just 4% in 2021, positioning the country among the world’s most dynamic solar growth markets.
Unlike typical top-down policy-driven transitions, Pakistan’s solar shift was bottom-up, fueled by consumers and small businesses seeking reliability and cost savings. Many achieved full return on investment in just two years. The government has since stepped in with provincial subsidies in Punjab and Sindh to expand access for low-income households. Pakistan’s solar journey demonstrates that when faced with energy insecurity, even a struggling economy can spark a green revolution—provided the right tools, urgency, and incentives align. Pakistan’s solar revolution has been funded through a combination of private investments, government incentives, and international support. The private sector, especially businesses and wealthier households, has been the main driver, investing in solar technology to reduce energy costs and gain independence from the unreliable national grid. With falling prices for solar panels, especially from Chinese manufacturers, many individuals and companies have found it economically viable to switch to solar. On the government side, provincial programs, such as those in Punjab and Sindh, have provided subsidies and financing options to make solar energy more accessible for low-income households. Additionally, international financial institutions and climate-focused funds have supported solar projects, offering loans and grants aimed at expanding renewable energy capacity in developing economies. This combination of domestic and foreign funding has allowed Pakistan to rapidly scale up its solar infrastructure despite its challenging economic situation. More